Abstract:

Stroke is a major public health challenge worldwide, and its burden falls disproportionately on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mortality and long-term disability rates remain significantly higher than in high-income nations. Despite the availability of effective and evidence-based interventions, such as timely thrombolysis, organised stroke units, and structured rehabilitation programmes, access to high-quality stroke care remains deeply uneven. Limited public awareness, delays in pre-hospital response, inadequate emergency systems, insufficient diagnostic imaging, high treatment costs, workforce shortages, and restricted rehabilitation services contribute to poor outcomes. This article examines the global epidemiology of stroke, outlines major barriers to improving care, and highlights innovative, scalable solutions for prevention, acute treatment, and long-term recovery. Emphasis is placed on community education, telemedicine expansion, task-shifting, affordable system improvements, and comprehensive national policies. By adopting a global-equity framework and investing in sustainable stroke pathways, LMICs have substantial potential to reduce preventable mortality and disability while improving long-term wellbeing.

Keywords:

STROKE; LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; GLOBAL HEALTH; THROMBOLYSIS; REHABILITATION; EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE; TELEMEDICINE; HEALTH EQUITY